Minimum Wage Should Increase Unemployment - 996 Words

We, the people elect representatives to improve society, and some of us have very high standards. It is a representative’s duty and responsibility to manage taxes, improve health, protect the environment, protect lives, improve education, and many more. Rightfully, we want each and every representative to perform their duties, and hopefully exceed expectations. Without a doubt, as a fellow representative who represents the people, you should raise minimum wage. It is all about the people, and making society a better place. Theoretically, minimum wage should decrease unemployment, close racial gaps, enable families to take care of basic necessities, and would somehow make the world a better place. However, theories are ideas, intended to explain a situation; they are not facts, they are not constant, and they can be wishful thinking. Therefore, an increase in minimum wage does not ensure these privileges. There are too many factors to consider before making a drastic decision. A raise in minimum wage will negatively impact the workforce which will eventually cause Inflation. We live in a society where roles are reversed, and where people wants fast and efficiency. At the age of fifteen or younger, many young adults have children. Also, many young adults are the acting parent for their siblings. These teens are without experience searching for a job to improve their situation. With the opportunity of a job, they have the funding to take care of their child/children, or theirShow MoreRelatedLink between Higher Minimum Wage and Higher Unemployment1179 Words   |  5 PagesIn theory when an increase in minimum wage increases the cost of low-wage workers firms should want to hire less workers, however in reality this basic theory might be wrong according to Plumer B. (2013) While some studies found a link between higher minimum wage and higher unemployment level many others such as a recent paper from U.C. Berkeley that exploited differences across state borders did not find a link between higher minimum wage and higher unemployment. A study by John Schmitt of theRead MoreA Brief Note On Raising Minimum Wage1088 Words   |  5 PagesBrendan Mason Mrs. Scruggs 08/07/15 Raising minimum Wage There is always talk about the problems of North Carolina’s economy, and these problems then become publicized and put throughout the media, informing people on the condition of their state’s economy. A popular topic lately is the state’s minimum wage, and whether it should be raised or if we should keep the current minimum wage. Usually, opinions vary on what to do about minimum wage, however there certainly seems to be a larger group ofRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Effects of Raising Minimum Wage805 Words   |  4 Pagesincome. Many people’s income relies on minimum wage. In 2012, 3.6 million people received an hourly pay at or below minimum wage. There is an ongoing debate in government as to what the minimum wage should be. Stuck at $7.25, Obama has suggested raising the minimum wage to $9.00. Depending on a person’s perspective, raising minimum wage could be positive or negative. Minimum wage has the ability to change lives, and change t he economy. Small businesses and unemployment, teenage demographics, and the costRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?870 Words   |  4 PagesShould Minimum Wage Be Raised? Minimum wage has always been a controversial issue. Many politicians use the argument of minimum wage for their own political propaganda. Some may argue minimum wage should be raised, while others believe it will have detrimental effects on our economy if it is raised. Surprising to most people, minimum wage earners make up only a small percent of American workers. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, minimum wage workers make up about 2.8% of all workersRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Legal905 Words   |  4 PagesRise in minimum wage has several impacts apart from unemployment. The minimum-wage workers would have to pay more taxes and receive fewer benefits if they are subjected to rise of minimum wage. The federal marginal rate for tax is 32 percent on an average for low earning members. This would amount to almost one third of the income of a worker. The tax rate is quite high for low paid workers. The rise of minimum wage would also reduce some of the advantages an d leverages that the low-wage workersRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of raising the minimum wage from $7.25 to $15 an hour is a heavily debated topic. Both sources against or in favor of the minimum wage refer to a â€Å"growing gap† between low-income workers and high-income earners. Sources against the minimum wage believe raising it will increase this gap, whereas those in favor of the minimum wage believe it will decrease this gap. The arguments in favor of the minimum wage rely mostly on ethical beliefs, such as â€Å"pay should reflect hard work,† to advanceRead MoreThe Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage on US Economy1507 Words   |  6 Pagessupport their family. Due to the fact that the prices of goods increase year and after year, the minimum wage has been increasing from less than a dollar to $7.25 now. The question that comes to everybody is that should we increase the minimum wage by too far. Does the minimum wage in crease reduce the unemployment since now the current wage is high enough? Some people might think that we should increase the minimum wage in order to increase the labor supply. However, if we think deeply than this, thereRead MoreImpact Of Minimum Wage On Unemployment1305 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of minimum wage on unemployment The supply and demand factors show significance towards growth of unemployment. It has been observed that the price floor above equilibrium wage should cause unemployment. There are many people who have provided their arguments against the fact. However, it has been observed that whenever there has been a rise in the minimum wage of workers, unemployment rate goes very high. For example, an organization has to maintain its expenses as well as its incomes.Read MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Minimum Wage In Taiwan1541 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Nowadays, minimum wage is very important for workers in this world. In addition, minimum wage is also a core element of public policy in lots of countries. For example, minimum wage has become a hot topic in Taiwan recently. The Taiwanese complained that the working hours are too long, and the wages are too low. Because of that reason, workers in Taiwan have come forward to protest this policy. Therefore, according to this example, minimum wage has become an issue that cannot be ignoredRead MoreCongress As Part Of The Fair Labor Standards Act1084 Words   |  5 PagesStandards Act (FLSA) instituted minimum wage back in 1938. The first minimum wage was at $0.25 per hour and the last minimum wage increase occurred in 2007. Over the past 65 years the minimum wage has varied considerably in inflation-adjusted buying power. It has averaged $6.60 an hour in purchasing power in 2013 dollars, but it has ranged from a low of $3.09 an hour in late 1948 to a high of $8.67 an hour in 1968. Toda y’s minimum wage buys somewhat more than the minimum wage has historically, although

Critical Essay Cross Cultural Communication and Practice

Question: 1. What are the principles of culturally appropriate or culturally sensitive development?2. How do these relate to development theory and practice generally?3. How may these principles be applied in practice generally within your target community (you may want to focus in on your desired professional area of work here)4. What may enhance your capacity as a culturally competent development practitioner in this context? Answers: Introduction Cross cultural communication is referred as the intriguing area that has tried to empower the understanding about the peoples coming from the different social backgrounds and those communicate, compare and diversify the routes (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). In the last work I have mentioned that I belong to the Hindu religion and working as the civil engineer in one of the multinational organization located in New Delhi. Its noted that in the country like India, there are many religious communities, and cross culture s the work place has become quite common (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). In the western countries they have the strong and stable culture; where else in India we have mostly unstable as well as moderately less tolerant culture (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). There are many religious communities existing in the country that has enhanced the culture and communication practices in the country, but still the main focus is placed over its advancement and the d evelopments (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). With the changes coming in the international social reforms, the concept of globalization has increased, and made the global business as their priority to take the multinational companies to take hold of the competitive advantage (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). The culturally sensitive communities play many challenges at the workplace, and its a challenge to manage this kind of workforce (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). I have selected Islam as my target culture, as in India there are many Muslims residing in the country. Managing the differences in the target culture is not easy as they vary in languages, cultures and in their tradition and managing them in multinational companies is not easy (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). The diversity in the human resources within the company relates to the social setup, but at the same time it also impacts the personality as well as psychology of the stakeholders (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). The target culture sleeted by me is Muslim culture. Culture in nation advances its communication and the diversified culture at the workplace also offers many opportunities of learning but at the same time there are many drawbacks of it, as adjusting with people from different backgrounds is not that easy (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). 1. Culturally sensitive development in target culture India is considered as the place having the high cultural heritage that influences the peoples originality (Davis 2009). Through India is considered as the highest business hub in the global trade business, but simultaneously, it becomes challenging for the companies in adapt with the cultural shift in the country (Carbaugh 2013). The business in the India holds the cultural etiquettes along with ethics, which is required by the multinational corporations to adapt with both flexibility and tolerance (Davis 2009). The India is the country with diversified cultures, and in which culture is entirely variant in context of attribute in which they pray, religion, and appearance, greetings, environment of workplace, behavior, communication, and womens working at the workplace, habits of drinking, and eating (Carbaugh 2013). Therefore, the multinational companies that are doing business in India require to adapt with the cultural norms in context of marketing and various other activities of operations; therefore, they need to follow the legal obligations and also need to create the market loyalty towards the company through increasing the feeling of belongingness (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). Companies in India have to face various issues mainly the challenges of cross culture in context of the workplace environment and for conducting the marketing activities with the customers of host country; the challenges of culture link with the language, religion, women working in offices, working style, appearances, behavior as well as attitude (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). All these factors pay important role in the culture of an organization and the loyalty, and customer satisfaction as the local national that tries to prefer those brands in which they could actually trust and feel the belongingness and the organization that could connect with more customers (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). Islam is one of the major religions practiced in India and the same encompasses the different aspects of the life in the country (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). This faith of Islam puts light on the generosity of the religion, along with modesty and respect in the business that is entirely opposite of the organizational culture based in USA (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). The individual respect as well as honor is the most prominent and supreme in the culture of Islam and the discussions about the business are actually done through the support of the indirect communication style (Gudykunst 2003). Hierarchy in the organizations is considered as the key concept in the India that focuses over the approach of top down for taking the decisions, authorities and for power to centralize to the one person (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). In the case of direct communication, they try to leave the very less space in comparison with the culture of the organization, but the Islam gives high value towards the civility in the business (Gudykunst 2003). Next factor relates to women shaking hands in the meetings is actually restricted, and women try to avoid shaking hands with the men (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). Its noted that the person status in the company is considered important and the top person is greeted first (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). Hospit ality is also considered as the matter of pride in the Islamic culture and they even try to preserve the honor to host the person or organization (Gudykunst 2003). The culture of India is actually very vast in context of different factors, and attire is the most important factors in the Islamic culture (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). Women have to wear the Abaya that cover their body. Culture in India tries to initiate the communication that is actually decisive in its nature (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). At certain points the diversity at the workplace, there are certain critical elements that supports in having the successful communication with the associations (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). By considering the experience of the Ting-Toomey and Chung, it can be mentioned that the hierarchical setup in the companies it becomes critical to have the equal appreciation within the culture, along with religion value and confidence (Ting-Toomey and Chung 2012). For example, while working in the civil engineering company there is many people who come from different religions who adopt their certain set of practices societies and perspectiv es (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). While this can be considered as imperative in having the association to give guarantee, as it provides equal administration and also give space in every group through breaking the authoritative target (Ting-Toomey and Chung 2012). It is also observed that due to the cultural contrasts in musings; therefore, they are not conveyed properly, and there are many reasons for it, for example an expert who comes from the Hindu religion might talk with the dialects, where else the person from the Islamic culture might not do the same (Groeschl 2003). These factors come in the perplexity due to the dialect befuddle that often comes in the mistakes which comes by providing the data (Ting-Toomey and Chung 2012). It is explored that there are three development process stages of culturally sensitive communities, which includes incompetence, and cultural competence through having various cognitive, skilled based and affective elements (Groeschl 2003). The Groeschl tries to maintain the basic impacts of the delivered services through the help of practitioners that are actually culturally sensitive, incompetent, or culturally competent and are also damaging, beneficial, as well as neutral (Groeschl 2003). However, there is a detailed explanation of the process that is given through Lung-Tan and Yuan-Ho (2005), under which they includes six stages of the culturally sensitive development (Lung-Tan and Yuan-Ho 2005). In this way practitioners such as systems and organization, advance through the cultural capacity, cultural destructiveness, cultural pre-competence, cultural blindness, cultural proficiency, as well as cultural competence (Lung-Tan and Yuan-Ho 2005). As per Hofstede (1984), for progressing with the practitioners one require to appreciate the diversity of culture at the workplace and should also try to acknowledge the biases of culture and need to be aware about what happens when the two culture interact with each other (Hofstede 1984). Furthermore, the actions taken by them need to undertake the cultural background of every person working in multinational company (Gray 1988). 2. Development theory There are many experts and the scholars who are trying to create the impact on the differences lying in the cross culture and on the behavior of the people in order to support them in reducing the risks of intercultural of the global business (Gray 1988). According to the founder of Intercultural Development Institute of research, it is believed that there are many experienced person, who has to face the cultural differences and there are many people who has tried to develop the intercultural competence by making it more effective while working across the different cultures (Hofstede 1984). As per the Hofstede (1984) of developmental Model of Intercultural sensitivity, there are round six stages over the path of developing the competence of intercultural, and its noted that every characteristic through the help of specific behavior and perception is towards other as well as their own culture (Hofstede 1984). It is noted that the key changes in the intercultural competence mainly happens through the ethno relativism and ethnocentrism. In different context, through having the knowledge about various cultures for becoming superior helps in understanding about own culture, as its equal to the complexity and value with other culture (Hofstede 1984). These six stages of Bennetts Model of development in the intercultural sensitivity are explained below: 1. Denial- in this stage, individual denies every interaction with the other people from other cultures and depicts having no interest in discovering the differences in the culture (Arredondo 1999). They might act in aggressive way in different situations of cross culture (Arredondo 1999). 2. Defense- In this stage, people considers every culture to be more inferior then their own culture and they try to criticize the behavior of others from different culture (Arredondo 1999). 3. Minimization- At this stage, individuals start to believe that the cultures often share the similar values (Arredondo 1999). They even try to reduce the differences in culture through making other people correct in order match with their expectations (Arredondo 1999). 4. Acceptance- In this stage, people might try to judge the other cultures in negative way, but at the same time they try to explore that are cultures are actually different and they might get curious about the differences in cultures (Arredondo 1999). 5. Adaptation- In this stage, individuals tries to attain the ability to get adapted with the behavior in effective way through changing their own communication style and behavior (Arredondo 1999). 6. Integration- In this stage, they tend to achieve it by the expatriates for long term and working abroad (Arredondo 1999). In this stage people change their communication style and behavior while interacting with the people from other culture (Arredondo 1999). Through progressing from the Ethnocentrism towards the Ethno relativism over the scale it actually takes time, yet it is important to achieve success from any business that work towards enhancing the international economy (Australian Government: National Health and Medical Research Council 2006). Through becoming more sensitive towards inter-culture could only be attained through combining the first hand experience with various other cultures and participating in the training courses of inter-culture such as effective international leadership (Australian Government: National Health and Medical Research Council 2006). In the stage of integration could be reached, and the combination between the living experience and while working in Islamic culture and then taking part in the intercultural courses of training permits the international business to reach towards the stage of adaptation in order to acquire the high intercultural level competence, which will even ensure about the working in international environment (Australian Government: National Health and Medical Research Council 2006). Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory Individualism/ collectivism- Individualism implies societys individuals are usually loose and its expected that everyone take care for them and their family. The Muslims have the high collectivism level as they believe that being loyal with the community is the significant cultural value. They give priority to well being of the group, instead of their personal desires. Uncertainty avoidance- The dimension of uncertainty avoidance implies the extent to which the cultural members could feel threaten through unexpected situations and ambiguity degree. In case of Muslim culture they have low tolerance in case of risk, ambiguity and uncertainty (Hofstede 1984). Power distance- Power distance implies the extent to which the less powerful institutional members in the company accept that the power is distributed in not equal manner. Its noted that Islamic culture has high power distance, as they have high degree of authority and they project themselves as leader. Masculinity/ Femininity- This dimension implies the dominant role pattern of gender that relates with values and behavior (Hofstede 1984). In case of Islamic culture males prefer that women should be submissive with them, if they are having relation with them. In Islamic culture man holds the conservative attitude towards socio-culture. Differences in gender- Hofstede (1984) mentions, that woman have strong involvement towards purchasing, and in terms of emotional involvement, but men are high over efficiency and quality. In Islamic culture gender matters more in the patterns of consumption. In Islamic culture there are differences in male and female in terms of decisions (Hofstede 1984). 3. Application of Culturally sensitive developments within target community, and specifically in your professional work Differences in culture among the Islamic culture and in my Hindu culture are expressed through the nature of our interpersonal relations (Bin-Sallik 2003). In the case of Islamic clients it becomes challenging to accept their formal distance system among the client and the workers, which is actually the norm of the present situations and it might be that employees might get bended principles (Bin-Sallik 2003). In the case of Islamic culture, it is significant to build the relationship in order to solve the issues (Bin-Sallik 2003). Relationships are also building by the Islamic conception of the trust. Once the clients trust in build on the workers, they offer helping alliance and could even maintain (Bin-Sallik 2003). In the situation when the workers and the clients are of similar gender, the workers should consider the requirements of the clients in order to express the intimacy as well as they should sometime relax the style of formality, which is considered as helping in Hindu culture (Bin-Sallik 2003). When the client and the workers are of different gender, its important that the workers should try to build greater distance than the normal distance in order not to get involved in impropriety of sex (Bin-Sallik 2003). The style of Islamic communication is actually formal, restrained, instead of personal or either expressive (Brach and Fraser 2000). It is also challenging for the Islamic clients to divulge the personal issues as well as feelings towards the one, who is outside from the community (Brach and Fraser 2000). During my working as a civil engineer at multinational company, we have adopted different techniques that are mainly applied in western cultures in order to limit the application towards the Islamic clients (Brach and Fraser 2000). I have noted that effects of client, self disclosure, and self exploration often become challenging, mainly if they perceive the risk, which even damage the honor of family (Brach and Fraser 2000). These challenges need no to be constructed as per the resistance of the client. Its of no surprise that the miscommunication among the workers and the clients are usually unfamiliar with the culture of the clients (Brach and Fraser 2000). I have observed that t he challenges in the deciphering and communication with the clients are usually verbal and nonverbal that could often lead towards errant assessment due to the existence of the symptoms that are bounded by culture, and select the approaches as well as practice technique, which is not appropriate from the cultural perspective of client (Brach and Fraser 2000). 4. Ways to enhance the capacity as a culturally competent development practitioner in this context There are different ways through which I could enhance my capacity of cultural competence in my company while working as civil engineer: 1. Acknowledge the cultural influence- It is important to analyze and understand the people having immersed of their own culture and link the same with the attitudes, beliefs as well as behavior that could help in guiding the professional as well as personal communication (Zborowski 2000). However, it is noted that the human nature is the one that tend towards ethnocentric, which mean believing that our own culture is norm and standards through which we judge others (Zborowski 2000). I have learned that we often forget that the other people from other culture might also be ethnocentric. Therefore, this kind of self awareness is actually critical when the employees work with customers from other cultures (Zborowski 2000). 2. Assess the relations of cross-culture along with concern about the dynamics that result through different culture- Through the interaction between the people from different culture comes with the possibility that the other persons actions are actually not judge properly (Ladyshewsky 1999). Every party comes with certain experiences as well as communication ways while interacting with others (Ladyshewsky 1999). Its important that the workers need to be vigilant for reducing the misinterpretation, perception and judgment about other person (Ladyshewsky 1999). 3. Increase the knowledge about the culture and incorporating the knowledge in day to day practices- If the assumption relates with the professionals who can work in effective ways with other clients from other cultural backgrounds, this enhance the knowledge about the client or either the social cultural clients, this can even improve their bonds (Campinha-Bacote 1999). I have learned that its important that one should seek the information about socio-culture that could support them relatively in modifying the communication like what they should ask and the way it is ask and this can even modify the interventions that are relied over the cultural reality of the person (Campinha-Bacote 1999). I think that professionals should ask the customers about their culture and lifestyle and should try to understand it and they should even indicate about their willingness to learn about their culture (Campinha-Bacote 1999). In this manner, every party interacting with other people could be able to presume the desire to give as well as take the data (Campinha-Bacote 1999). 4. Adapt with the cultural diversity- Professionals should try to develop the examination of cultural sensitivity along with the techniques of intervention, which could permit the customers to feel more comfortable (Bates and Edwards 1998). The workplace environment at the multinational corporation needs to get adapted in order to create the better fit among the requirements of the people and the needs of the staff (Bates and Edwards 1998). It is also significant to remember the cultural competence. Its also important that it should not be abandoned with the own culture along with the members of other culture by considering their values, behavior and attitude (Bates and Edwards 1998). Conclusion The report has discussed about the cultural sensitive development in the targeted culture of Islam. The report has tried to discuss about the challenges faced by the people while working in multinational companies as it includes diversified culture. The concept of cultural sensitive is explained through the help of theories and different ways are suggested for improving the cultural competencies. References Arredondo, P. 1999. Multicultural counseling competencies as tools to address oppression and racism. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77, pp. 102-108. Australian Government: National Health and Medical Research Council. 2006. Cultural competency in health: a guide for policy, partnerships and participation. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council. Bates, M. and Edwards, W.T. 1998. Ethnic variations in the chronic pain experience. In: Brown PJ, ed. Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology. Mayfield Publishing Co. Bin-Sallik, M. 2003. Cultural safety: let's name it! Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 32, pp. 21-28. Blum-Kulka, S., House, J. and Kasper, G. 1989. Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Ablex Pub. Brach, C. and Fraser, I. 2000. Can cultural competency reduce racial and ethnic health disparities?: a review and conceptual model. Medical Care Research and Review, 57(1), pp. 181-217. Campinha-Bacote, J. 1999. A model and instrument for addressing cultural competence in health care. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(5), pp. 203-207. Carbaugh, D. 2013. Cultural communication and intercultural contact. Routledge. Davis, L. 2009. Doing culture: Cross-cultural communication in action. Foreign language teaching and research press. Gray, S. J. 1988. Towards a theory of cultural influence on the development of accounting systems internationally. Abacus. Groeschl, S. 2003. Cultural Implications for the Appraisal Process. Cross Cultural Management, An International Journal, 10(1), pp.67 79 Gudykunst, W. B. 2003. Cross-cultural and intercultural communication. Sage. Hofstede, G. 1984. Cultural Dimensions In Management And Planning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1, 3-5. Hofstede, G. 1984. Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. London: Sage. Ladyshewsky, R. 1999. Cross-cultural supervision of students. In: Leavitt RL, ed. Cross-Cultural Rehabilitation: An International Perspective. London, England: WB Saunders Co. Lung-Tan, L.L. and Yuan-Ho. 2005. The Effect of Culture on the Management Style and Performance of International Joint Ventures in China: The Perspective of Foreign Parent Firms. International Journal of Management, 1, pp. 1-45 Rogers, E. M. and Shoemaker, F. F. 1971. Communication of Innovations; A Cross-Cultural Approach. Scollon, R., Scollon, S. W. and Jones, R. H. 2011. Intercultural communication: A discourse approach. John Wiley Sons. Ting-Toomey, S. and Chung, L. C. 2012. Understanding intercultural communication. New York: Oxford University Press. Zborowski, M. 2000. Cultural

Assignment on promotion mix free essay sample

Promotion involves disseminating information about a product, product line, brand, or company. It is one of the four key aspects of the marketing mix. (The other three elements are product marketing, pricing, and distribution. ) To generate sales and profits, the benefits of products have to be communicated to customers. In marketing this is commonly known as â€Å"promotions†. It consists of a diverse collection of incentive tools, mostly short term, designed to stimulate quicker or greater purchase of particular products or services by consumers or the trade. From marketing point of view, Promotion informs, persuades, and reminds prospective and current customers and other selected audiences about a company and its products. The most useful brand is failure if no one knows it is available. Promotion Techniques Promoting your business can take different forms. You can promote it online and offline. Promotion is a very important part of every business imaginable. If you don’t promote it, how are customers supposed to know about it? Here are some very effective ways to promote your product or services. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment on promotion mix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Specific combination of promotional methods such as print or broadcast advertising, direct marketing, personal selling, point of sale display, merchandising, etc. , used for one product or a family of products. Six main promotion Tactics 1. ADVERTISING 2. SALES PROMOTION 3. PUBLIC RELATIONS 4. PERSONAL SELLING 5. PUBLICITY 6. DIRECT MARKETING The factors that guide a marketer’s decision in selecting a promotion mix are:- Nature of the product market. Overall marketing strategy. Buyer readiness stage. Product life cycle stage. ADVERTISING The means of providing the most persuasive possible selling message to the right prospects at the lowest selling message to the right prospects at the lowest possible cost. Kotler and Armstrong provide an alternative definition:- â€Å"Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identifies sponsor†. SALES PROMOTION â€Å"An activity designed to boost the sales of a product or service. It may include an advertising campaign, offering free gifts or trading stamps, arranging demonstrations or exhibitions, setting up competitions with attractive prizes, temporary price reductions, door-to-door calling, telemarketing and personal letters on other methods†. More than any other element of the promotional mix, sales promotion is about â€Å"action†. It is about stimulating customers to buy a product. It is not designed to be informative – a role which advertising is much better suited to. Publicity refers to non-personal communications regarding an organization, product, service, or idea not directly paid for or run under identified sponsorship . it usually comes in the form of news story, editorial, or announcement about an organization and/or its products and services. Techniques used to gain publicity include news releases, press conferences, feature articles, photographs, films, and videotapes. PERSONAL SELLING Personal selling is oral communication with potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. The personal selling may focus initially on developing a relationship with the potential buyer, but will always ultimately end with an attempt to â€Å"close the sale† Personal selling is one of the oldest forms of promotion. It involves the use of a sales force to support a push strategy (encouraging intermediaries to buy the product) or a pull strategy (where the role of the sales force may be limited to supporting retailers and providing after-sales service). PUBLIC RELATIONS â€Å"The planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics†. Public relations activities include, press releases. Company literature, videos, websites and annual reports. DIRECT MARKETING Direct marketing is concerned with establishing an individual relationship between the business offering a product of service and the final customer. Direct marketing has been defined by the Institute of Direct Marketing as: â€Å"The planned recording, analysis, and tracking of customer behavior to develop a relational marketing strategies†. The process of direct marketing covers a wide range of promotional activities, these include: Direct-response adverts on television and radio Mail order catalogues E-commerce Magazine inserts Direct mail Telemarketing OBJECTIVES FOR PROMOTION BUILD AWARENESS. CREATE INTEREST. PROVIDE INFORMATION. STIMULATE DEMAND. REINFORCE THE BRAND. Marketing Strategy For each target market, management must design a Marketing strategy, which includes the designing of the marketing mix. The Marketing Mix is the combination of multiple aspects of the following four elements: a product, how it is distributed and promoted, and its price. These four elements are intended to please the target market(s) and, equally important organization marketing objectives. The Companys strategy is guided by several fundamental principles. Nestles existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product lines. Long-term potential is never sacrificed for short-term performance. The Companys priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wherever they are, whatever their needs, throughout their lives. Nestle is committed to the following Business objectives in all countries, taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practices: Nestles business objective is to manufacture and market the Companys  products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners. Nestle does not favor short-term profit at the expense of successful long-term business development. Nestle recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the behavior, beliefs and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust, and that without its consumers the Company would not exist. Nestle continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. Promotional Mix of NESTLE Nestle is using following methods for promotion: Advertising The Nestle are the broadcast there products (TV and Radio) and print media (newspapers and magazines). The Nestle also uses other advertising vehicles like billboards, T-shirts and, more recently the Internet. Nestle has its own website which is giving the information about the different brand of the company. Nestle is doing the selective demand advertising that is intended to stimulate demand for individual brands. In the advertisement the message is given that, And in recent advertising campaign, their slogan is,†JIYO! Kay yehi hay zindagi†. On billboards the pictures of Nestle kitkat choclate advertisement seems so attractive, especially teenager and child groups that motivates the customer to purchase it. Nestle has the internal advertising department as well as hire the services of the external Media manager assisted by its assistant to devise all campaigns†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sales Promotion It is demand-stimulating activity designed to supplement advertising. It is paid for by the sponsor and frequently involved a temporary incentive to encourage a sale or purchase. Many sales promotions are directed at consumer. Nestle has designed it in a way to encourage the company’s sales force or other members of the distribution channel to sell products more aggressively. Nestle India limited arranges concerts, trade shows, event sponsorship, in-store displays, and discounts. In Nestle, a separate sales department is working. The function of this department is to taking the sales orders, visiting the market, collecting the customer’s complaints and transferring to the concerned department. They also make sure the availability of their products (Kitkat, Munch, Polo, Milkmaid, Maggi etc. ) to the consumer at right time and at right place. Public relations It encompasses a wide variety of communication efforts to contribute to generally favorable attitudes and opinions toward an organization and its products. Unlike most advertising and personal selling, it does not include specific sales message. The targets may be customers, stockholders, a government agency, or a special-interest group. Public relations can take many forms, including newsletters, annual reports, lobbying, and support of charitable and civic events. Nestle is following all above mentioned public relations forms: The company assists through donations such hospitals and organizations that provide services to the poor and responds to distress calls by the government and NGOs for assistance to victims of flood, earthquake, drought and other natural calamities. The company arrange mil program for undernourished and sick children and mothers through several NGOs and charitable organizations. The company has initiated a tube well and hand pump installation scheme in selected rural areas. It donates computers to schools for disadvantaged children run by NGOs and charitable organizations. To support the spread of education in rural areas, it undertakes Refurbishment Program of Govt. operated primary and middle schools. The Company regularly sponsors sports and cultural events, such as the International Polo Tournament and SAF Games in the recent past. The company gives the extra gifts, calendars and diaries to the employees and customers for public relations. Publicity Publicity is also a promotional method used by the Nestle. Publicity is specific form of public relations that involves news stories about organization or its products. Like advertising, it consists of an impersonal message that reaches a mass audience through the media. But several features distinguish publicity from advertising. The company does not pay for it and it has little or no control over this and it appears as news and therefore has grater credibility than advertising. The company seeks for good publicity and frequently provides the material for it in the form of news releases, press conferences, and photographs. When a picture of a company’s CEO appears on the cover of business publication and it accompanied by a flattering article in the magazine, it is often attributable to the efforts of the firm’s public relations department. Integrated Marketing communication Nestle is using the integrated marketing communication system. In this, company is trying to coordinate all promotional efforts make an effective impact on the customer mind and to deliver a consist message. The Nestle has incorporated several different promotional campaigns. Depending upon the objectives and available funds, it undertakes simultaneous local, regional, national, and international programs. Findings and Recommendations This is competitive world and must never forget that customers have a choice. If they are not satisfied with a Nestle Pure Life, they will switch to another brand. The pursuit of highest quality at any price is no guarantee for success, nor is a single-minded cost-cutting approach. Lasting competitive advantage is gained from a balanced search for optimal value to customers, by simultaneous improvement of quality and reduction cost. Success can never be taken for granted. Nestle must watch and learn from its competitors. If they do something better, Nestle must improve its own performance. Nestle can achieve competitive advantage through Quality. Progress is followed by listening to Nestle customers and by measuring its works performance. Shortcomings and mistakes must be analyzed and corrected. Problems must be anticipated and prevented before they occur. Nestle also must identify and take advantage of opportunities. To stand still is to fall behind. So Nestle must strive for continuous improvement in every area. It is through many small improvements as well as through major breakthroughs that Nestle will achieve excellence. The company is eager to serve consumers at its every possible level, consumer services department is the evidence of such a pursuit from the organization point of view. Presently the company is market leader in its category but it shouldn’t take it as a complacent attitude rather capitalize on its good brand equity and to improve its quality of product to reap not only more profits for the shareholder but also serve the humanity by providing them healthful water which in other way a noble sacred job. The company can fulfill this job by having such a spirit following it religiously by incorporating it all the marketing strategies.

Serial Killers Women and Men Comparison

Serial Killers Women and Men Comparison A serial killer is defined as any person who manages to kill three or more people with enough time intervals between each killing. Most of the time, crimes of men serial killers are heard regularly as they are more horrible than that of women serial killers. As for the men, they do their crimes in a brutal manner and damage the bodies of the victims (Hickey 52). Another reason that make men serial killers to be common than women serial killers is because of the methods they use to kill their victims.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Serial Killers: Women and Men Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the profile analysis, 40% of the men’s victims are killed by firearms, 38% are denied some oxygen, and 35% are stubbed the most sensitive body parts, and some small percentages are killed by poisoning or drowning. In addition, most of the men serial killers do not hide or deny their actions, but t hey rather draw some attention with their actions (Hickey 68). The physical counting of the men serial killers victims is very high compare to that of women serial killers. The main difference between women serial killers and men serial killers is that, women try to keep their actions under cover, without drawing any attention. Women serial killers can be referred to as gentle murderers because the methods they use to kill their victims are not brutal. According to the profile analysis, approximately 80% of their victims, women make use of poisoning to kill them. Although they also use some other methods like shooting, suffocating, and drowning, they prefer the silent killing methods. Women serial killers are not known to be violent in most of the time like their counterparts. Men serial killers have been spotted to be violent even to small children, and sexually harassing their victims dead or alive. Men serial killers start by giving their victims some pornographic materials, so a s to make them psychologically prepared before they rape them (Hickey 112). An example of a man serial killer is Jack the Ripper from London. He brutally killed people for three months in 1888 among them five prostitutes. Jack did not hide his actions, as he went to an extent of mutilating and dissecting the bodies of his victims openly. Most of the men serial killers fall under the category of missionary killers who perform their act of killing to some specific groups of people like prostitutes or homosexuals. An example of a women serial killer is Aileen Wuornos who fell under the category of sexual predators. This lady killed seven men in Florida in her duties of prostitution (Hickey 230). She claimed that these men were trying to rape her. Men serial killers are divided into four subdivisions depending on the reasons behind killing such as power seekers, visionaries that involve obeying the source of egos of killing, missionaries whereby, the serial killer claim it’s his responsibility to clean up the society by killing the unwanted personnel according to him.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The final type of men serial killers are hedonists, who kills so as to gain power and satisfaction. To some extent both men and women serial killers work as a team either male and male, male and a female, female and a female, or in some cases as family teams. Other examples of men serial killers include John Wayne Gacy who happened to kill 33 people and Ted Bundy who raped several women and killed all of them in Florida. Other female serial killers include Irene Leidolf who murdered 49 patients, in addition to some other three nurses. Mary Ann Cotton murdered more than 20 people by secret. Women serial killers are also divided into five types the most two common types are Black widows and Angels of Death. The black widows women serial killers kill thei r several partners as well as family members, or anybody who has a close relationship with them. On the other hand, angels of death type kill people who are left to take care of them for instance nurses. Other types of women serial killers are revenge killers, sexual predators and contract killers. Both men and women serial killers have causes of their actions. Like discussed above, men mostly become serial killers due to several reasons, but the most important factor is getting rid of a certain group of people from the society (Hickey 302). The psychological effect of hating some group of people may have a great impact to these people. The profile research shows that majority of men serial killers are missionary killers who either concentrate on killing prostitutes, homosexuals or may be a certain tribe of people. That idea of hating a certain group of people may be a great contributor that may require to be addressed. Same to women serial killers, the psychological effects are the most contributors. The issues of finding pleasure and revenging out of killing are unpersuasive. It’s unusual for any normal person to find pleasure in the act of killing, instead humiliations and frustrations are gotten. If any wrong done is revenged by killing that means everyone should be long dead, because everyone in one way or another has done something wrong. Work Cited Hickey, Eric. Serial Murderers and their Victims. New York: Thomson Higher Education, 2006.

How Significant Was Kevin Rudd's Apology to the Stolen Generations Essay - 1

How Significant Was Kevin Rudd's Apology to the Stolen Generations - Essay Example In the history of political speeches in Australia, this held the record for the most emotional speech in many years. The depth of the statement had gone to deep to be assumed to be just a political statement. It also represented social views regarding the ignored states of the indigenous people on Australia (Docker, Curthoys & Peters-Little, 2010). It was also compared to a speech by human rights groups. The apology did not impact only in Australian citizens but it has a global effect in the fight against abuse of human rights. The apology statement moved the population’s perception of the indigenous people. In the past the Australian government had done a lot of harm and injustice towards the indigenous people. The apology statement was intended to mend that wrong by initiating perception change and convincing people that the government will give justice to indigenous people. The main aim of this essay is to analyze the contents and the implication of the apology statement. I t will also provide a perspective on the significance of the apology statement by Kevin Rudd’s Apology to the Stolen Generation. The release of the apology statement had been waited for a long time and anticipated. The speculations started being believed when the children of Torres Strait and other indigenous children were taken away from their parents. This action sparked a nationwide row over the matter. It is at this point when the children were termed as the stolen generation. However, the Australian government insisted that all it did was to expose the children to a more modernized and friendly environment. These claims were not accepted by the human rights groups who still insisted the act was heinous and contradicted the law. It is this argument that led to the establishment of an inquiry to look into the matter. The team was led by Ronald Wilson and Mick Dodson (Beecher, 2009). The inquiry was given the title; the national inquiry into the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait children from their parents. The findings of this inquiry were founded in a report known as bringing them home report. The report contained the inquires’ recommendation of some charity and just deeds towards the children. Apart from the recommendation, the report shows that one out of three children was taken forcefully away from their parents. In the report tribulations of the children undergo while under the government were highlighted in the report. According to the report many of the children taken to foster home were unhappy with their living conditions. There were also some claims of forced labour imposed upon the children (Kahane, 2009). All these inquiries and speculations were made possible by the speech made by Kevin Rudd. The speech led to the formation of the inquiry, the writing of the report, and the recommendations to solve these issues. According to Rudolf (2009), it was for the first time in history that the indigenous people felt that they wer e being represented and their living conditions noticed to be inhumane. All this developments are attributed to the Prime Minister and his landmark apology statement. As the world celebrated the major step towards the realization of human rights, the immediate Australian government and the rest governments found a critical issue to base their debates on. The political expression made by the apology by the apology statement was very significant in Australia. 11 years prior to the statement in 2008, no government accepted the fact

Sainsbury (in branch level) Organisational diagonis and problem Essay - 1

Sainsbury (in branch level) Organisational diagonis and problem analysis - Essay Example The changes suggested in regard to the firm’s leadership should be more effectively promoted trying to avoid delays in the restructuring of the organization aiming to minimize the risk of potential damages. It seems that through an effective plan of action the firm will be able to stabilize its performance in the British market and seek for further growth. Under the influence of globalisation, firms in all industries have to continuously update their practices in order to secure their position either locally or internationally. In certain sectors, competition is extremely high, especially when firms of similar characteristics are involved. The UK supermarket industry is an indicative example. When trying to develop their organizational plans, the firms that operate in the particular industry have to face a series of challenges and barriers. Current paper focuses on the review of Sainsbury’s organizational structure and practices. Efforts are made so that the firm’s organizational problems are diagnosed; among them, one is chosen and is further analysed and evaluated. Also, recommendations are made so that the specific problem to be eliminated or, if the above target is not feasible, just to be effectively controlled. In this context, a series of change intervention methods are presented and appropriately justified, aimin g to support the improvement of the organizational performance, as expected to result from the limitation or the elimination of the firm’s key organizational problem. The research over the organizational structure and performance of Sainsbury’s is based on appropriate documentary evidence, which includes material of the following kind: books published in the academic literature, articles published by organizations focusing on financial evaluation (e.g. Bloomberg), articles of newspapers and non-governmental

Discipline in Schools Essay Example for Free

Discipline in Schools Essay A majority of us have families with children various ages, and the title of this article caught my eye for the simple fact I have teenage kids in school that have previously been assigned in-school suspension for minor disciplinary acts such as being tardy or turning in incomplete assignments. Working adults and parents are the primary targets of this particular article which sparks my personal interest towards this issue. I felt the author of this article gave a somewhat neutral observation of this topic, giving both sides of the story in a calm yet quite informative tone. He listed infractions that resulted in suspensions as well as different types of suspension outcomes. It’s important to note that suspending a student for being disruptive in class and suspending a student for fighting should be handled differently however both instances should require the students to continue working on their curriculum. With references from other educators as well as reports from the US Department of Education I would have to say that the contents of this article appear to be creditable. Results from out of school suspensions prove to be doing more harm than good, leaving students at home unsupervised with a couple days off with no curriculum to work on verses the alternative of requiring students to attend on the weekends seems to be a better solution, however funding for weekend programs is a separate issue. The authors intend of this article is to inform and acknowledge new alternatives need to be explored when it comes to disciplinary actions such as suspensions. Additional resources will have to be implemented, academic and financial. Overall I thought this to be a particularly interesting and informative article.